社区“5+1”糖尿病分阶段达标管理对2型糖尿病患者生存质量干预效果分析

目的 分析社区"5+1"糖尿病分阶段达标管理对2型糖尿病患者生存质量的干预效果及其影响因素，为提高患者生存质量提供依据。方法 采用分层整群抽样的方法在山西省、江苏省和宁夏回族自治区选择12个社区卫生服务中心，分别作为干预组（管理方式：社区"5+1"糖尿病分阶段达标管理）、对照组[管理方式：依据《国家基本公共卫生服务规范（2011年版）》的相关要求]，进行为期2年的随访观察。采用面对面问卷调查的方式，收集患者的人口学信息等基本信息；采用健康调查简表（SF-36）对患者在干预前后测量生存质量。采用SAS 9.4软件进行双重差分法以及多重线性回归模型分析。结果 基线时共纳入2 467名研究对象，终末时共1 924人接受了为期2年完整的随访管理。干预后，干预组、对照组患者生理健康维度（PCS）、心理健康维度（MCS）评分变化净差值分别为13.6分、29.8分。多重线性回归分析结果显示，影响患者PCS得分的主要因素有年龄、医保类型、基线PCS得分以及所在地区，影响患者MCS得分的主要因素有年龄、医保类型、基线MCS得分、是否合并高血压以及所在地区。结论 社区"5+1"糖尿病分阶段达标管理对2型糖尿病患者生存质量的干预效果较好。     

Bio-accumulation and health risk assessment of heavy metals in different edible fish species from Hurghada City,Red Sea,Egypt

BackgroundHeavy metal contamination has become a serious issue in this century especially detected in fish organs. Due to the presence of radioactive compounds in agricultural and sewage effluent, which destroys aquatic ecosystems, threatening human livelihoods. Health hazards associated with low and high consumption consumers assessed in five commercial fish species collected from Hurghada City, Egypt, during winter and summer, 2020. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer technique used for determination heavy meals in different organs and expressed as μg/g wet weight.ResultsHeavy metal concentrations in muscle ranged between:(0.054–0.109), (0.260–1.043), (0.264–0.897), (5.895–11.898), (0.381–0.970), (13.582–29.133) and (0.332–0.589) µg/g for Cd, Pb, Mn, Zn, Cu, Fe and Ni respectively, which were lower than those of gills and liver. These concentrations were within WHO, FAO/WHO, and EU standards. Consumption of edible species was lower than the (TDIs) established by the (JECFA) and Egyptian Standards. Even though THQ and TTHQ values were < 1 while, in children with highly consumer were> 1.ConclusionThis study concluded that intake of Red Sea fish is safe for human health. It is critical for consumers to be aware of the consequences of excessive fish consumption, particularly children with highly consumer, which represent possible health risks.     

Inactivated influenza vaccine formulated with single-stranded RNA-based adjuvant confers mucosal immunity and cross-protection against influenza virus infection

Influenza vaccination is considered the most valuable means to prevent and control seasonal influenza infections, which causes various clinical symptoms, ranging from mild cough and fever to even death. Among various influenza vaccine types, the inactivated subunit type is known to provide improved safety with reduced reactogenicity. However, there are some drawbacks associated with inactivated subunit type vaccines, with the main ones being its low immunogenicity and the induction of Th2-biased immune responses. In this study, we investigated the role of a single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) derived from the intergenic region in the internal ribosome entry site of the Cricket paralysis virus as an adjuvant rather than the universal vaccine for a seasonal inactivated subunit influenza vaccine. The ssRNA adjuvant stimulated not only well-balanced cellular (indicated by IgG2a, IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α) and humoral (indicated by IgG1 and IL-4) immune responses but also a mucosal immune response (indicated by IgA), a key protector against respiratory virus infections. It also increases the HI titer, the surrogate marker of influenza vaccine efficacy. Furthermore, ssRNA adjuvant confers cross-protective immune responses against heterologous influenza virus infection while promoting enhanced viral clearance. Moreover, ssRNA adjuvant increases the number of memory CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells, which can be expected to induce long-term immune responses. Therefore, this ssRNA-adjuvanted seasonal inactivated subunit influenza vaccine might be the best influenza vaccine generating robust humoral and cellular immune responses and conferring cross-protective and long-term immunity.     

长效驱避剂的初步筛选研究

目的　研究一种对人有效保护时间 >8h ,且安全经济的长效驱避剂配方。方法　采用实验室 (GB T173 2 2 .10 -1998)和现场的药效测试方法对所配制的驱避剂配方进行效果测试。结果　实验室试验表明 ,以 2 0 %IR3 5 3 5配制 10、12、13、14号驱避剂配方在实验室内对白纹伊蚊的有效防护时间可达 8h以上 ;现场试验表明 ,10、12、13、14号驱避剂配方对人有效防止丘陵地区伊蚊的叮咬时间达 9h ,有效防止稻田地区中华按蚊的叮咬时间达 8h。结论以 2 0 %IR3 5 3 5与纤维素配制的驱避剂对人的有效保护时间可达 8h。纤维素对IR3 5 3 5有一定延长有效保护时间的缓释作用。实验所用配方对人的皮肤无不良反应 ,可作为户外活动人群防止蚊虫刺叮的驱避剂。     

Weighted Markov chains for forecasting and analysis Incidence of infectious diseases in jiangsu Province,China

This paper first applies the sequential cluster method to set up the classification standard of infectious disease incidence state based on the fact that there are many uncertainty characteristics in the incidence course.Then the paper presents a weighted Markov chain,a method which is used to predict the future incidence state.This method assumes the standardized self-coefficients as weights based on the special characteristics of infectious disease incidence being a dependent stochastic variable.It also analyzes the characteristics of infectious diseases incidence via the Markov chain Monte Carlo method to make the long-term benefit of decision optimal.Our method is successfully validated using existing incidents data of infectious diseases in Jiangsu Province.In summation,this paper proposes ways to improve the accuracy of the weighted Markov chain,specifically in the field of infection epidemiology.     

双酚F暴露后对小鼠肝脏神经递质代谢的影响

目的：探讨双酚F（bisphenol F,BPF）对肝脏中色氨酸（tryptophan,TRP）及酪氨酸（tyrosine,TYR）代谢的影响,阐明其代谢稳态扰乱后神经递质的代谢特点。方法：SPF级C57BL/6J小鼠经灌胃给予不同浓度的BPF[40、400、4 000 μg/（kg·d）],连续灌胃30 d,通过超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,UHPLC-MS/ MS）法观察BPF暴露后小鼠肝脏TRP、TYR来源神经递质代谢特点及水平的改变。结果：BPF暴露后引起小鼠肝脏TRP、TYR 水平下降,其中 TRP 代谢途径的神经递质 5-羟色胺（5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT）水平明显下降,相反,犬尿氨酸（kynurenine, KYN）水平显著上升;TYR代谢途径中,TYR及其代谢产物多巴胺（dopamine,DA）水平显著下降;其他兴奋性神经递质如谷氨酸（glutamate,GLU）、γ-氨基丁酸（γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA）、天冬氨酸（aspartic acid,ASP）、甘氨酸（glycine,GLY）水平亦明显降低。结论：BPF暴露可抑制TRP、TYR及多个兴奋性神经递质的代谢,促进TRP通路中5-HT向KYN代谢转化,对肝脏神经递质代谢的探讨可为BPF持续暴露导致的肝脏及神经精神性病变提供依据。     

南京市中小学生2019—2021学年因病缺课监测分析

  目的  分析2019—2021学年南京市中小学生因病缺课情况,为进一步做好校园新型冠状病毒肺炎(以下简称“新冠肺炎”)疫情和常见传染病预防工作提供参考。  方法  利用“江苏省学生健康监测系统”,收集并整理2019—2021学年南京市中小学生因病缺课监测数据,比较不同学年和学段学生因病缺课率,症状和病因构成以及时间分布。  结果  2019—2021学年南京市中小学生总体因病缺课率分别为0.25%,0.39%和0.73%(χ2=392 611.44,P < 0.01);各学年小学因病缺课率均高于其他学段(χ2值分别为47 783.45,20 935.07,13 459.63,P值均 < 0.01)。各学年因病缺课症状构成排名前2位是发热和咳嗽,病因构成是感冒和胃肠道疾病。2021学年因意外伤害缺课排位有所上升,居缺课疾病排位第4。2019和2021学年因病缺课高峰均在11—12和3—4月,2020学年受新冠肺炎疫情影响第2高峰延至6月。  结论  南京市中小学生因病缺课率逐年上升,小学生是重点关注人群。呼吸道和胃肠道疾病是校内常见病预防重点,冬春季是流行高发期。加强因病缺课监测对新冠肺炎疫情常态化下校内常见传染病防控具有重要意义。     

江苏省6县区≥40岁居民生命质量量表信效度检验与常模建立

目的 评估使用SF-12v2量表评价江苏省6县区≥40岁居民生命质量的信度和效度,获取江苏省≥40岁居民的常模参考数据。方法 采用多阶段分层整群抽样的方法,在江苏6个县区调查完成3 583份SF-12v2问卷。使用Cronbach's α和Spearman-Brown折半信度进行信度分析,使用因子分析、集合度和区分度实验进行效度分析。结果 SF-12v2量表12项条目的Cronbach’s α为0.886,删除任1维度后的Cronbach’s α为0.810~0.841,生理总评分和心理总评分的Cronbach’s α为0.767和0.759;Spearman-Brown折半信度为0.795。因子分析结果显示,采用方差最大正交旋转法共提取2个主成分,累计方差贡献率为61.2%。SF-12v2量表的8个维度中,各维度的集合效度下限均高于区分效度的上限,集合效度实验和区分效度实验的成功率均为100%。结论 SF-12v2量表应用于评价≥40岁居民的生命质量具有良好的信度和效度,各维度评分可作为江苏省≥40岁居民生命质量的常模参考数据。     

新发传染病鉴定技术研究进展

近年来,人与野生动物日益频繁的接触,再加上病原微生物本身不断的变异和进化,导致新发传染病(emerging infectious diseases,EIDs)的发生呈持续增长态势,暴发频率不断增加,给全球公共卫生带来极大威胁与挑战。在下一次新发传染病暴发之际,希望能通过合理运用相关技术方法准确快速回答“病原体是什么”、“病原体来自哪”两大问题,从而及时有效预警并从源头控制新发传染病的大流行。对当前新发传染病病原体的鉴定技术进行归纳介绍,并探讨各种技术的优劣势以及各自应用领域。     

儿童青少年膳食及血清锌状况与心血管疾病代谢危险因素的关系

目的 了解2016-2017年江苏省儿童青少年膳食及血清锌状况,探索其与营养相关心血管疾病代谢危险因素之间可能存在的关系。 方法 采用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法,2016-2017年从江苏省12个监测点抽取1 251名6~17岁儿童青少年进行体格测量(身高、体重、腰围)、血液生化检验(血清锌、空腹血糖、血脂),并采用连续3 d 24 h膳食回顾法对其进行膳食调查。统计学方法采用Pearson χ²检验、Kruskal-Wallis检验及线性回归分析。 结果 最终有1 122名6～17岁儿童青少年纳入本研究。其膳食锌摄入低于平均需要量(EAR)比例为39.39%,其中13~17岁年龄组、一般农村的被调查对象比例较高,分别为56.7%和54.8%;血清锌水平低于参考值的比例较低,为0.5%,但在不同性别、地区间存在差异,其中男性、大城市儿童青少年血清锌水平较高。线性回归分析结果表明,膳食锌与血清锌无线性关系;膳食锌与高密度脂蛋白呈正相关(β=0.072,95%CI: 0.034~0.111,P<0.001);血清锌与空腹血糖呈负相关(β=-0.506,95%CI:-0.575~-0.437,P<0.001)。 结论 江苏省儿童青少年存在膳食锌摄入不足风险的比例依然较高,充足的膳食锌摄入及较高的血清锌水平与儿童青少年良好的代谢状况有关。